New data from the Conference Board Consumer Confidence Survey® reveal how views about the U.S. economy are diverging by age, generation, political affiliation, and income.
The findings are part of a new collection of granular confidence data available—for the first time—to media and businesses.
The new data provide a deep dive into the widely tracked job-market differential—the difference between the share of consumers who say jobs are “plentiful” and those who say jobs are “hard to get”.
In September, the differential fell for the ninth straight month to +7.8% overall: 26.9% of consumers said jobs were currently “plentiful”, compared to 19.1% who said jobs were currently “hard to get”.
While job market views remained positive on balance, that +7.8% was down from a recent high of 22.2% in December 2024.
Beneath those topline numbers, however, was a sharp generational divide: The new data show that baby boomers are still relatively thriving in today’s workforce, with a job market differential of +14.9% in September.
By contrast, the differential was +4.7% for Gen X, +3.6% for Millennials, and just +2.1% for Gen Z, illustrating the rising difficulty young workers face in today’s job market.
Likewise, views of the labour market turned negative in September for those earning less than $35k per year, while job availability was strongest for middle-income consumers earning $75-100k.
The new data also reveal a growing partisan divide in views of the current economic situation. The impact of political affiliation on consumer confidence has long been noted: Republicans are consistently more optimistic when a Republican is in the White House, and vice versa for Democrats.
This gap has widened in 2025, fueled by the souring mood among Independents and Democrats, especially regarding current economic conditions.
In September, the Present Situation Index was 160.5 (1985=100) for Republicans, compared to 110.5 for Independents and 107.9 for Democrats. The gap between Republicans’ and Democrats’ views of the current economy has widened to over 50 points from roughly 35 in April 2025.
The newly released historical time series also shows longer-term trends, including how post-pandemic expectations have diverged by age.
Since 2021 and 2022, older consumers have been more positive than younger ones about the current state of the economy, but also significantly more worried about the future. This age gap is notably larger than that prevailing before the COVID-19 pandemic.
